Sebakeng sa ts'ebetso ea mochini, thelebili la letsohoke sehokelo sa bohlokoa lipakeng tsa batho le mechini. Hore na ke phepelo e ntle nakong ea ts'ebetso ea sesebelisoa sa mochini kapa phetiso ea torque nakong ea ho buloa le ho koaloa ha li-valve, lebili la letsoho le fetolela manpower hore e be motsamao o nepahetseng kapa o potolohang ka moralo o bohlale oa mochini. Karolo ena e bonahalang e le bonolo ea selikalikoe e hlile e na le melao-motheo e mengata e kang phetisetso ea lisebelisoa, lever principle, friction mechanics, joalo-joalo. Sengoliloeng sena se tla sekaseka kamoo lebili le ka fihlelang "taolo e nepahetseng ea ts'ebetso ea matsoho" ho tsoa ho litekanyo tsa sebopeho sa sebopeho, mochini oa phetisetso, litšoaneleho tsa mochini, maemo a ts'ebeliso, joalo-joalo, li kopantsoe le maemo a itseng a indasteri ho fana ka maemo a itseng le moralo{4} baenjiniere le basebelisi ba lisebelisoa.
Tafole ea likateng
1. Sebopeho sa motheo sa letsoho la letsoho: moralo o kopanetsoeng ho tloha rim ho ea ho shaft
2. Molao-motheo oa phetisetso: phetoho ea motsamao ho tloha ho potoloha ho ea ho motsamao oa mola
3. Lisebelisoa tsa mechine: mohlala oa lipalo oa matla a ho sebetsa le torque
4. Liphapang tsa melao-motheo maemong a tloaelehileng a ts'ebeliso
5. Lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa moralo le tlhahiso: taolo ea ts'ebetso e felletseng ho tloha ho lisebelisoa ho isa ho tse nepahetseng
6. Mekhoa ea indasteri: ntlafatso ea theknoloji e bohlale le ea batho
1. Sebopeho sa motheo sa letsoho la letsoho: moralo o kopanetsoeng ho tloha rim ho ea ho shaft
1. Rim: "sebaka sa pele sa ho kopana" sa khohlano
Rim ke mokokotlo oa ts'ebetso ea handwheel, 'me moralo oa eona o latela molao-motheo oa ho eketsa khohlano:
Sebopeho sa bokaholimo: ho kokota ho tloaelehileng (sebopeho se otlolohileng / sa letlooa), lintlha tse khoho, li-grooves. Ka mohlala, mochine oa letsoho oa mochine oa letsoho o nka 0.8mm e tebileng ea letlooa, coefficient ea likhohlano e eketseha ho tloha ho 0.3 ho ea ho 0.6, 'me tekanyo ea ho thella e fokotseha ka 40% ha e sebetsa ka matsoho a metsi;
Khetho ea bophara: bophara ba mabili a matsoho ka kakaretso boholo ba 100-300mm, bo nyane haholo (<80mm) will increase the operating force, too large (>400mm) e tla nka sebaka. Bophara bo boholo ba lebili la letsoho la valve bo hloka hore basebetsi ba khumame ho sebetsa, ho fokotsa bokhoni ka 25%.
2. Spokes/spokes: ho leka-lekana pakeng tsa matla le bobebe
Palo ea li-spokes hangata ke 3-6, ho latela molao-motheo oa tšehetso ea mochini:
Li-spokes tse tharo: li-spokes tsa 3 li theha mohaho o tsitsitseng, o loketseng maemo a boima bo bobebe (joaloka li-handwheels tsa ho lokisa lisebelisoa);
Li-spokes tsa oval: li-spokes tse 6 li qhala khatello ea maikutlo. Mochini o boima oa letsoho o nka moralo oa 6-spoke, 'me torque ea mojaro e eketseha ho tloha ho 50N ・ m ho isa ho 120N ・ m, 'me deformation e fokotsehile ka 30%.
3. Hub le lesoba la shaft: "interface e thata" bakeng sa phetiso ea torque
Hub e hokahanya rim ea mabili le lesoba la shaft, 'me senotlolo se ho taolo ea coaxiality:
Moqapi oa senotlolo: mabili a matsoho a tloaelehileng a sebelisa khokahano ea senotlolo se bataletseng (GB/T 1096), 'me torque e fetisoang e ka tlase ho kapa e lekana le 50N ・ m;
Khokahano ea letsoho la tsitsipano: mabili a phahameng-a nepahetseng hantle a sebelisa matsoho a tsitsipano (ISO 286-1), 'me phoso ea coaxiality e ka tlase ho 0.05mm. Mohlala, lebili la letsoho le nepahetseng la grinder le sebelisa letsoho la tsitsipano ho fihlela phepo e nepahetseng ea 0.001mm.
4. Tšoara / tšoara: motheo oa ergonomics
Sebapali se etsa qeto ea boiketlo ba ts'ebetso mme se entsoe ho latela ho kobeha ha tlhaho ha palema:
Motsoako oa Cylindrical: bophara ba 30-40mm, bolelele ba 80-120mm, bo loketse ho potoloha ha nako e telele;
D-mofero oa mofuta: sesebediswa sa bongaka sa letsoho se sebedisa motshwaro wa mofuta wa D-, sebaka sa ho lekana ha palema se eketseha ka 20%, mme mokhathala o fokotsehile ka 35%.
2. Molao-motheo oa phetisetso: Phetoho ea ho sisinyeha ho tloha ho potoloha ho ea ho motsamao oa mola
1. Gear{1}}driven handwheel: Palo e nepahetseng ea module le palo ea meno
Lebili la letsoho le tsamaisa pinion ho khanna rack kapa lisebelisoa tse kholo ho fihlela phetoho ea motsamao:
Mojule (m): e etsa qeto ea hore na ho na le lebelo la ho phalla ha lisebelisoa. Ha m=2, bophahamo ba modumo ke 6.28mm. Mojule oa letsoho la mochini oa ho sila ke 3, 'me o tsamaisana le gear ea meno a 60, ka sekhahla sa phepelo sa 180mm ka nako;
Karolelano ea phetiso (i): i=Z2/Z1 (Z ke palo ea meno). Ha ke=10, lebili la letsoho le potoloha makhetlo a 10 'me leqhubu le potoloha ha 1, ho fokotsa lebelo le ho eketseha ha torque.
2. Worm gear handwheel: ho hlokomela{1}}mosebetsi oa ho notlela
E sebelisa worm ho khanna lebili la worm, e na le litšobotsi tse ka morao- tsa ho notlela:
Palo ea lihlooho tsa seboko: single-head worm e na le transmission ratio e kholo (i=40-80), empa e sebetsa hantle haholo (<50%);
Lisebelisoa tsa lisebelisoa tsa Worm: bronze ea tin e sebelisoang hangata (ZCuSn10Pb1), e fokotsa ho roala seboko, lebili le itseng la lifti la lebelo le sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa seboko ho netefatsa ho notlela ka boiketsetso kamora ho lokolloa ha motlakase nakong ea ho tima.
3. Screw nut handwheel: angle ea helix e etsa qeto ea ho sebetsa hantle
Lebili la letsoho lea potoloha ho khanna screw, 'me nate e tsamaea ka tatellano:
Helix angle (λ): ho ikhitla ha λ<4°, suitable for jack handwheel; efficiency>90% ha λ=15℃, e loketse mochini oa phepelo ea letsoho la letsoho;
Ketapele (P): P=pitch × palo ea lihlooho, lebili le itseng la letsoho le na le lead ea 5mm, le fepa 5mm ka ho reteleha, 'me le fihlella ho nepahala ha 0.01mm/grid ka ho daela.
4. friction transmission handwheel: anti{1}}moetso o thellang oa sebopeho sa bokaholimo
Ho sisinyeha ho fetisoa ka khohlano lipakeng tsa moqomo le bokaholimo ba ho kopana, e leng ntho e tloaelehileng ho li-knobs tsa tokiso:
Friction coefficient (μ): rabara-rim e koahetsoeng μ=0.8, e loketse tokiso e nepahetseng{2}}, joalo ka mabili a tsamaisang letsoho ka maekerosekou, 1℃rotation displacement 0.002mm;
Tokiso ea ho jara esale pele: lokisa khatello ka liliba kapa linate, 'me ho roala pele ha sesebelisoa sa letsoho sa letsoho se ka fetoloa ho ikamahanya le maemo a fapaneng a mojaro.
3.Mechanical thepa: mohlala oa lipalo oa matla a ho sebetsa le torque
1. Mokhoa oa ho bala oa torque: T=F × r
Radius (r): Ha radius e kholoanyane ea lebili la letsoho, e nyane matla a sebetsang a hlokahalang (F). Mohlala: bakeng sa 200mm bophara ba lebili la letsoho (r=100mm), ha ho hlokahala 50N・m torque output, F=50N・m/0.1m=500N;
Tekanyetso ea mochini-ea batho: Matla a sa khaotseng a motho e motona a khothaletsoa ho ba Ka tlase ho kapa ho lekana le 300N. Haeba e feta, ho hlokahala hore ho eketsoe mochine o thusang. Mohlala, -lebili la letsoho le boima le kenyelelitsoe ka lebelo la gear, 'me matla a ho sebetsa a fokotsehile ho tloha ho 800N ho ea ho 200N.
2. Lever optimization: Karolo ea bohlokoa ea boemo ba ho tšoara
Sebaka (lever) sa molamu ho tloha setsing sa mabili se ama torque ka kotloloho:
Sebapali sa Eccentric: Sekoti sa letsoho la crane ke 50mm eccentric, 'me torque e eketseha ka 15% tlas'a matla a tšoanang a ts'ebetso;
Symmetric handle: Moralo oa maqhama a mabeli o leka-lekanya matla, joalo ka mofeng o lekanang oa lebili la sekepe, ho qoba matla a sa lekaneng a bakoang ke matla a lehlakoreng le le leng.
3. Tahlehelo ea friction le ntlafatso ea katleho
Khetho ea ho beha e etsa qeto ea katleho ea phetisetso:
Sliding bearing: friction coefficient 0.1-0.2, e loketse mabili a letsoho a lebelo le tlase (<50rpm);
Rolling bearings: friction coefficient 0.001{1}}0.005, high-speed handwheel e sebelisa deep groove ball bearings, bokhoni bo eketsehile ho tloha ho 85% ho ea ho 98%, 'me tšebeliso ea selemo ea matla e fokotsehile ka 20%.
4. Fokotsa mojaro le matla a sebopeho
Khetho ea thepa e tlameha ho kopana le torque e kholo ea ho sebetsa:
Cast iron handwheel: tensile strength ≥200MPa, suitable for heavy loads (>100N・m);
Aluminium alloy handwheel: matla a tlase hanyane (150MPa), empa 50% e bobebe, e khethoa bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse ling tse nkehang habonolo.
4. Liphapang tsa motheo tsa maemo a tloaelehileng a kopo
1. Lebili la letsoho la mochini: Taolo e nepahetseng ea phepo ea boemo ba micron-
Molao-motheo oa ho daela: Lebili la letsoho la letsoho le arola lloto ea screw, joalo ka loto ea 5mm, mohala oa li-grid tse 100, 'me grid ka 'ngoe ke 0.05mm;
Anti-mochini oa ho khutlela morao: Ho sebelisoa nako ea selemo-e kentsoeng esale pele ho felisa ho khutlela morao. Kamora hore lebili la letsoho la setsi se itseng sa machining le felise mokokotlo, phoso e ka morao e fokotsehile ho tloha ho 0.02mm ho isa ho 0.005mm.
2. Moetso oa letsoho oa valve: Mosebetsi{1}}moetso oa ho boloka torque e kholo
Phokotso ea lisebelisuoa tse ngata- tsa mekhahlelo: lebili la letsoho → lisebelisoa tse nyane → lisebelisoa tse kholo → kutu ea valve, tekanyo ea phetisetso e ka fihla ho 50:1, 'me lebili la letsoho la DN300 le fokotsehile ho tloha ho 1200N ho ea ho 40N ka ho fokotseha ha mekhahlelo e 3;
Maikutlo a boemo: Pointer e kopantseng le dial e bonts'a sebaka se bulehileng ho qoba ho senyeha ha tiiso ka lebaka la-ho tiea ho feta tekano.
3. Lebili la letsoho la thepa ea bongaka: litlhoko tse tlase tsa khohlano tikolohong e nyopa
Li-ceramic bearings: friction coefficient 0.0005, le ho hanyetsa kutu, joalo ka CT ea ho lokisa bethe ea letsoho e sebelisang li-ceramic bearings, ho netefatsa hore limilione tsa lipotoloho ntle le mathata;
Boreleli holim'a kalafo: electroplating hard chrome (roughness Ra Less ho feta kapa lekana le 0.2μm), bonolo ho hlakola le disinfected ka joala, tumellanong le litekanyetso tsa ISO 13485 thepa ea bongaka.
4. Aerospace handwheel: ts'epahalo ea ts'ebetso ea boima ba 'mele
Moralo o lekanang oa torque: bohare ba matla a khoheli a lebili la letsoho le tsamaisana le axis core ho qoba ho pota{0}}axis nakong ea boima ba 'mele. Lebili la letsoho la sathelaete le fihlella setsi sa tekanyo ea matla a khoheli ka boima ba 'mele;
Thepa e hanyetsanang le mocheso o tlase: polyimide (-200℃~{1}}℃) e sebelisoa ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e bonolo libakeng tse feteletseng tsa sebaka.
5. Lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa moralo le tlhahiso: Taolo ea ts'ebetso e felletseng ho tloha ho lisebelisoa ho isa ho tse nepahetseng
1. Melao-motheo e meraro ea khetho ea thepa
Ho tsamaisa thepa: polasetiki ea ABS (litšenyehelo tse tlaase) bakeng sa mojaro o bobebe, motsoako oa aluminium (YL112) bakeng sa mojaro o mahareng, le tšepe ea tšepe (HT200) bakeng sa mojaro o boima;
Ho ikamahanya le maemo a tikoloho: 304 tšepe e sa hloekang bakeng sa tikoloho e mongobo, koporo (H62) bakeng sa tikoloho e phahameng ea mocheso. Lebili la letsoho la thepa ea lik'hemik'hale le ile la hlōleha ka lebaka la ho bola nakong ea halofo ea selemo hobane le ne le sa sebelise tšepe e sa hloekang.
2. Leano le thibelang{1}}ho thella bakeng sa kalafo e ka holimo
Knurling tshebetso: letlooeng knurling (GB/T 6403.3) ka botebo ba 0.5-1mm, e loketseng bakeng sa tikoloho e omileng;
Ho roala rabara: rabara ea nitrile e thata ea Shore ea 70-80A, coefficient ea khohlano ea ts'ebetso ea letsoho e metsi e eketsoa ho 0.7, joalo ka moralo o hlokahalang oa sesebelisoa sa letsoho sa ho qoela.
3. Tekanyetso e nepahetseng le taolo ea mamello
Mamello ea lesoba la Shaft: H7/g6 fit (ho hlaka ho lekana) ho etsa bonnete ba hore lebili le feto-fetohang la letsoho. Lebili la letsoho la sesebelisoa sa mochini le ile la etsa hore phepelo e jamngoe ka lebaka la lesoba le thata la shaft;
Radial runout: precision handwheel Ka tlase kapa e lekana le 0.02mm, lebili la letsoho le tloaelehileng Le ka tlase ho kapa le lekana le 0.1mm, teko ea ho leka-lekanya e matla (ISO 1940) ho netefatsa hore ho potoloha ha bonolo.
4. Litlhaloso tsa liteko le netefatso ea bophelo
Teko ea mokhathala: Torque attenuation Ka tlase kapa e lekana le 10% kamora ho potoloha ha 500,000. Mofuta o itseng oa handwheel o ile oa feta litekong tse limilione tse 1, 'me bophelo ba eona bo habeli ba maemo a indasteri;
Teko ea ho qetela ea mojaro: Sebelisa torque e lekantsoeng makhetlo a 1.5 bakeng sa metsotso e 10 ntle le deformation ho netefatsa boteng ba polokeho.
6.Industry Trends: Bohlale le Humanized Technology Ntlafatso
1. Lebili la letsoho le bohlale: maikutlo a boemo ba encoder a kopantsoeng
Encoder e felletseng: lets'oao la dijithale le tsoang ha lebili la letsoho le potoloha, ka ho nepahala ha 0.01 degree. Ka mor'a hore lebili la letsoho la mochine o itseng oa mochine oa CNC o kopantsoe le encoder, rekoto ea digital ea lijo tsa matsoho e phethahala;
Sensor ea torque: tlhahlobo ea nako ea sebele-ea matla a ho sebetsa, alamo ea othomathike ha e tletse, joalo ka ho lokisa thepa ea moea ea letsoho la letsoho, ho thibela tšenyo e bakoang ke tšebeliso e mpe.
2. Lebili la letsoho le ka feto-fetohang: phetoho ea nako ea sebele-ea torque
Magnetorheological damping: lokisa matla a phophomang ka hona joale, sebaka se feto-fetohang sa damping sa letsoho le itseng le nepahetseng ke 0-5N · m, e ka fihlelang litlhoko tse fapaneng tse nepahetseng;
Mechini e fokolisang metsi: poleiti ea likhohlano + sebopeho sa selemo se amohetsoe, ho potoloha habonolo ka nako ea oache, ho eketsa pholiso ka tsela e khahlano le oache, ho thibela mestouch callback.
3. Moralo o bobebe: Tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa motsoako oa carbon fiber
Carbon fiber handwheel: Boima ba 1.8g/cm³, 1/4 feela ea tšepe e entsoeng ka tšepe, matla a fihlang ho 300MPa, lebili le itseng la sefofane le fokolitse boima ba 'mele ka 60%, le ho sebetsa habonolo habonolo;
Hollow spokes: 3D e hatisitsoeng sekoti sebopeho, phokotso ea boima ba 30% ha e ntse e boloka matla, e loketse lisebelisoa tse nkehang habonolo.
4. Kaonafatso-ea batho ka khomphutha: mohele o chitja o lekana palema
Moralo oa Bionic: Arc e sebetsanang le eona e lumellana le ho kobeha ha tlhaho ha palema. Lebili le itseng la letsoho la bongaka le ile la feta teko ea ergonomic, 'me nako ea mokhathala oa ho sebetsa e ile ea atolosoa ho tloha metsotso e 30 ho ea ho lihora tse 2;
Anti{0}}ntlafatso ea mokhoa oa ho thella: ho sebelisoa paterone ea bionic shark, coefficient ea khohlano e eketseha ka 20%, 'me ha e roale liatlana, tse lumellanang le maemo a ergonomics a indasteri (ISO 6385).
Kakaretso
Molao-motheo oa mochini oa handwheel ha e le hantle ke "phetoho e ntlafalitsoeng ea tlhahiso ea motho le tlhahiso ea mochini". Ho tloha ho moralo oa likhohlano tsa rim ea lebili ho isa phetisong ea spiral ea screw, ho tloha ho phokotso ea lebelo la gear le ho eketseha ha torque ho ea sebopehong sa ergonomic handle, lintlha tsohle li bonts'a bohlale ba moralo oa mochini. Ka nts'etsopele ea theknoloji e bohlale le e bobebe, mabili a matsoho a ntse a ntlafatsoa ho tloha likarolong tse bonolo tsa ts'ebetso ho ea ho li-terminals tse bohlale tse nang le maikutlo a kopantsoeng le mesebetsi ea ho lokisa. Bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa indasteri, ho utloisisa melao-motheo ea mechine ea li-handwheels ho ke ke ha ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso feela, empa hape ho qoba mathata a kang "ho hlōleha ha phetisetso ea matla" ho tloha mohloling oa moralo. Ka har'a maqhubu a automation le digitalization, handwheels, e le "mohala oa ho qetela oa ts'ireletso bakeng sa{4}}tšebelisano ea batho ba khomphutha", e tla tsoelapele ho khothaletsa ho nepahala le boiketlo ba ts'ebetso ea mochini ka melao-motheo{5}}ea boqapi.
